Sida qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah hababka gudbinta dareeraha warshadaha, horumarinta tuubooyinka caagga polyester-ka waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan horumarka sayniska alaabta polymer, cusboonaysiinta shuruudaha otomatiga warshadaha, iyo heerarka adag ee deegaanka. Caag polyester ah (sida caadiga ah waxaa lagu xoojiyay fiilooyinka polyesterka oo lagu daray{1} elastomers waxqabadka sare sida caag nitrile ah, caag nitrile hydrogenated ah, ama fluororubber) ayaa markii ugu horeysay la isticmaalay bartamihii -ilaa{3}}qarnigii 20aad. Waqtigaas, xaddidaadda tuubooyinka caagga dhaqameedka (sida caagga dabiiciga ah ama caagga hal-abuurka ah) ee iska caabbinta saliidda,{6}}iska caabinta heerkulka sare, iyo xoogga farsamada ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u soo shaac baxay-Tusaale ahaan, warshadaha baabuurta iyo warshadaha batroolka, tuubooyinka caagga dhaqameedku waxay u nugul yihiin ballaarinta iyo dillaaca marka ay la xiriiraan saliidda saliidda ama adeega shidaalka oo gaaban{8} iyo khataraha daadinta.
Horumarka tuubooyinka caagga ah ee polyester-ka waxay ku dhexjiraan qaabdhismeedkooda isku dhafan: lakabka sare wuxuu isticmaalaa cimilo - caag u adkaysta caag synthetic (sida chlorosulfonated polyetylen) si ay uga hortagto daxalka deegaanka; lakabka dhexe waxa uu isticmaalaa tidcan fibre polyester-ka sare - ama dabaylaha si uu u bixiyo cadaadis - qalfoof u adkaysta; iyo lakabka gudaha wuxuu isticmaalaa caag gaar ah (sida fluororubber) si loo gaaro waafaqsanaanta warbaahinta kiimikada saxda ah. Qaab dhismeedkan "sandwijka" wuxuu siinayaa faa'iidooyinka sida caabbinta saliidda, iska caabinta heerkulka sare (-40 darajo ilaa 200 darajo ama xitaa ka sareeya), caabbinta daalka garaaca wadnaha, iyo nolosha adeeg dheer (sida caadiga ah 2-3 jeer ka mid ah tuubooyinka caag dhaqameed), si degdeg ah taasoo ka dhigaysa lama huraan soo saarista qalabka dhamaadka-sare.
Marka loo eego baahida suuqa, qoto-dheeraanta warshadaha caalamiga ah ayaa si toos ah u dhaqaajisay balaarinta soosaarka tuubada caagga ah ee polyester-ka. Dhinaca kale, warshadaha culculus ee dhaqameed (sida soo saarista saliidda iyo sifaynta kiimikaad) waxay sii wadaan inay koraan baahidooda daxalka -u adkaysta, tuubooyinka cadaadiska sarreeya Dhanka kale, meelaha soo ifbaxaya (sida nidaamyada qaboojinta baytariga cusub ee tamarta, ultra{3}} gudbinta dareeraha saafiga ah ee wax soo saarka semiconductor, iyo hawo-mareenada hawada) waxay saarayaan baahiyo sare nadiifinta walxaha, saxnaanta cabbirka, iyo iska caabinta bay'ada xad dhaafka ah. Marka loo eego tirakoobka warshadaha, cabbirka suuqa caagga ah ee polyester-ka caalamiga ah wuxuu dhaafey XX bilyan US dollars 20XX, iyadoo kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isku dhafan lagu hayo X% -X%, oo ay ka mid tahay Aasiya{{7}Gobolka Baasifigga (gaar ahaan Shiinaha iyo Hindiya) ayaa noqday suuqa ugu weyn ee kordhinta sababtoo ah saameynta kooxda wax soo saarka.
Muhiimadda Warshadaha:-Taageerada dhinacyo badan leh ee Nidaamyada Warshadaha Casriga ah
1. Xoojinta Tignoolajiyada: Wadista Horumarka Waxqabadka ee Sare{1}}Qalabka dhamaadka
Qiimaha asaasiga ah ee tuubooyinka caagga ah ee polyester-ka ayaa ku jira "is-habayntooda iyo la qabsiga." Tusaale ahaan, wax soo saarka baabuurta, xadhkaha shidaalka matoorku waa in ay u adkeystaan daxalka shidaalka, gariirka, iyo -XX darajo hoose- deegaan ka bilaabma kulayl. Tuubooyinka caagga ah ee caadiga ah waxay u nugul yihiin inay adkaadaan oo dillaacaan, halka tuubooyinka caagga ah ee polyester-ka leh lakabka gudaha ee fluororubber iyo lakabka xoojinta polyesterku waxay kordhin karaan noloshooda adeeg ilaa XX0,000 kiiloomitir. Nidaamyada wafer wafer-ka ee semiconductor, dhigaalka birta ee biyaha ultrapure ama dhuumaha gudbinta reagent kiimikaad waa inay ka hooseeyaan heerka PPT (qayb trillion). Tuubooyinka caagga ah ee Polyester-ka, iyada oo loo marayo sunta rasaasta - qaabaynta bilaashka ah iyo dhamaystirka dusha sare ee la xakameeyey (Ra In ka yar ama la mid ah 0.Xμm), si wax ku ool ah uga fogow faddaraynta sare oo hubi in wax-soo-saarka jajabku Horumaradan tignoolajiyada ah waxay si toos ah u wanaajiyaan isku halaynta iyo hufnaanta qalabka terminaalka waxayna fure u yihiin dhimista qiimaha iyo hufnaanta wax soo saarka sare{11}}dhammaadka.
2. Xaqiijinta Badbaadada: Yaraynta Khatarta Shilalka Warshadaha Daadad ku yimaada hababka gudbinta dareeraha waxay keeni kartaa dab (tusaale, dildilaaca khadka shidaalka), qaraxyo (tusaale, daadad walxo kiimikaad ah oo soo daadanaya olol furan), ama wasakhowga deegaanka (tusaale, warbaahinta sunta ah ee dhexda ciidda). -qaabka sare ee xoogga (cadaadiska dilaaca wuxuu gaari karaa in ka badan XXMPa) iyo iska caabinta warbaahinta ee tuubooyinka caagga polyester-ka ayaa si weyn u yareynaya khatarahaas. Qaadashada tubooyinka saliidda lagu qodayo tusaale ahaan, tuubooyinka caagga dhaqameedku badanaa way dilaacaan sababtoo ah waxay xidhaan inta lagu jiro gaadiidka dhoobada cadaadiska sare. Tuubooyinka caagga ah ee Polyester, si kastaba ha ahaatee, leh lakabkooda xoojinta xadhigga birta iyo xidhashada{12}qaabka caagga ah ee adkaysiga u leh, waxay kordhin karaan wareegga dayactirka min bilaha X ilaa in ka badan X bilood, si weyn u yaraynaysa suurtogalnimada goynta hawlgalka daloolka. Intaa waxa dheer, ololkooda{14} soosaarayaasha dib u dhigista (oo lagu daray aluminium hydroxide ama antimony trioxide) ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa xaaladaha leh shuruudaha ilaalinta dabka adag, sida gaadiidka tareenka iyo awooda nukliyeerka.
3. Isbeddelka Cagaaran: La jaanqaadida Isbeddellada Horumarin Waara Iyada oo la horumarinayo yoolalka "dual carbon" ee caalamiga ah, qaybta warshadaha ayaa sii kordheysa u baahan shuruudo adag oo ku saabsan sifooyinka deegaanka ee alaabta. Warshadaha tuubada caagga ah ee polyester-ka waxay uga jawaabaan isbeddelkan laba siyaabood: Marka hore, maaddada lafteedu waxay yaraynaysaa waxyaabaha ku jira walxaha waxyeellada leh (sida chromium hexavalent iyo polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) iyada oo loo marayo qaabab la hagaajiyay, oo u hoggaansamaya heerarka caalamiga ah sida xeerarka REACH EU iyo shahaadada US NSF; labaad, cimrigeeda dheer waxa ay yaraynaysaa wasakhda kheyraadka iyo wasakhda adkaha ah ee ay keento badalida soo noqnoqda-Tirakoobyadu waxay muujinayaan in ku badalida alaabada dhaqanka ee hal tuubo caag polyester ah ay yarayn karto isticmaalka caag qiyaastii XX% iyo isticmaalka tamarta XX% inta lagu jiro nolosha oo dhan (sabato ah dayactirka oo yaraada). Shirkadaha qaarkood waxay soo saareen bio{4}ku salaysan faybar polyester-ku-salaysan tuubooyinka caagga ah ee la xoojiyay (iyaga oo isticmaalaya warshad{5}}PTT polyester-ka laga keenay si loogu beddelo batroolka{6}} PET ku salaysan), taas oo sii horumarinaysa cagaarka silsiladda warshadaha.
4. Qiimaha Dhaqaalaha: Horumarinta Isku-dhafka Wadista ee Warshadaha Sare iyo kuwa Hoose
Silsilad-warshadeedka poliester-ka caagga ah waxay dabooshaa isku-xiryo badan, oo ay ku jiraan alaabta ceeriin caagga ah (nitrile/fluororubber), agabka xoojinta (fiber polyester), qalabka wax-soo-saarka (extruders, taangiyada vulcanizing), iyo dhammaadka- isticmaal codsiyada ( baabuurta, tamarta, wax soo saarka mishiinada). Casriyeynteeda tignoolajiyadeed waxay u baahan tahay hal-abuur cusub oo lagu daro caag korka ah (sida kulaylka{2}}wakiilada u adkaysta iyo antioxidants) iyo hababka qaabaynta saxda ah, halka codsiyada hoose, iyada oo loo marayo - codsi balaadhan, dib loogu celiyo maalgashiga R&D, samaynta wareeg wanaagsan oo ah "dalbashada-hal-abuurnimo{5} Shiinaha, iyada oo la horumarinayo istaraatiijiyadda "Waxsoosaarka Korontada", shirkadaha waddanku waxay jebiyeen "teknoolajiyada dhalada" ee sare -dhammaadka tuubooyinka caagga polyesterka (sida tuubooyinka hawada hawada iyo tuubooyinka qaboojinta unugyada shidaalka laba-cirifoodka), kaliya maaha beddelka ku-tiirsanaanta soo dejinta, laakiin sidoo kale waxay dhalinayaan dakhliyo sarifka lacagaha qalaad oo muhiim ah iyada oo loo marayo dhoofinta (sida mashiinnada tamarta ee koonfurta bari ee Yurub).
Inkasta oo tuubooyinka caagga ah ee polyester-ka ay u ekaan karaan "qaybo yaryar" silsiladda warshadaha, waxay yihiin "isku xidhka muhiimka ah" ee taageeraya waxtarka, badbaadada, iyo hawlgalka cagaaran ee warshadaha casriga ah. Laga soo bilaabo cusboonaysiinta wax soo saarka dhaqameed ilaa kor u kaca warshadaha soo koraya, ku celcelinta tignoolajiyada ayaa had iyo jeer la jaan qaada baahiyaha warshadaha. Mustaqbalka, iyada oo la isku darayo qalab cusub (sida caag nanocomposite) iyo wax soo saarka caqliga leh (sida 3D daabacaadda tuubooyinka gaarka ah) tignoolajiyada, warshadaha tuubooyinka caagga ah ee polyester-ka ayaa la filayaa inay sii gudbaan dhinaca waxqabadka sare iyo sirdoonka, iyagoo si joogto ah u duraya dardar cusub koritaanka adkeysiga ee nidaamka warshadaha caalamiga ah.
